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In astronomy, the Tully–Fisher relation is an empirical relationship between the mass or intrinsic luminosity of a spiral galaxy and its angular velocity or emission line width. It was first published in 1977 by astronomers R. Brent Tully and J. Richard Fisher.〔Tully, R. B. and Fisher, J. R., "A new method of determining distances to galaxies". ((pdf) ) Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 54, no. 3, Feb. 1977, pp. 661–673. ((abs) )〕 The luminosity is calculated by multiplying the galaxy's apparent brightness by 4πd2, where d is its distance from us, and the spectral line width is measured using long-slit spectroscopy. Several different forms of the TFR exist, depending on which precise measures of mass, luminosity or rotation velocity one takes it to relate. Tully and Fisher used optical luminosity, but subsequent work showed the relation to be tighter when defined using microwave to infrared (K-band) radiation (a good proxy for stellar mass), and even tighter when luminosity is replaced by the galaxy's total baryonic mass (the sum of its mass in stars and gas).〔S. S. McGaugh, J. M. Schombert, G. D. Bothun,2 and W. J. G. de Blok (2000), "The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation", 〕 This latter form of the relation is known as the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation, and states that baryonic mass is proportional to velocity to the power of roughly 3.5-4.〔S. Torres-Flores, B. Epinat, P. Amram, H. Plana, C. Mendes de Oliveira (2011), "GHASP: an Hα kinematic survey of spiral and irregular galaxies -- IX. The NIR, stellar and baryonic Tully-Fisher relations", 〕 The TFR can be used to estimate the distance to a spiral galaxy. By assuming the galaxy to lie on the relation, one can calculate its luminosity from its directly-measurable line-width. The distance can then be found by comparing the luminosity to the apparent brightness. Thus the TFR constitutes a rung of the cosmic distance ladder, where it is calibrated using more direct distance measurement techniques and used in turn to calibrate methods extending to larger distance. In the dark matter paradigm, a galaxy's rotation velocity (and hence line width) is primarily determined by the mass of the dark matter halo in which it lives, making the TFR a manifestation of the connection between visible and dark matter mass. In Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), the BTFR (with power-law index exactly 4) is a direct consequence of the gravitational force law effective at low acceleration.〔S. McGaugh (2011), "The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation of Gas-Rich Galaxies as a Test of ΛCDM and MOND", ApJ, 〕 The analogues of the TFR for non-rotationally-supported galaxies, such as ellipticals, are known as the Faber-Jackson relation and the Fundamental Plane. == See also == * Distance modulus * Standard candle * Cosmic distance ladder * Extragalactic Distance Scale * Faber–Jackson relation * Fundamental Plane * Dark Matter * Standard Model of Cosmology * Modified Newtonian Dynamics 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tully–Fisher relation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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